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Regardless of size and industry, every enterprise is dependent upon information technology, and must have a strategy for how to employ it, especially as the internet becomes more pervasive. Information technology strategy is an enabler of business strategy. Not only must an enterprise manage relationships with its constituencies, but it must be able to connect with them electronically through data arteries – information supply, value, and demand chains. The information supply and demand chains are external; the information value chains are internal.An information technology strategy is a special case functional strategy because every function in the enterprise requires electronic information delivery capabilities, and many require electronic process control also. In very large enterprises, strategy may be formulated at both the enterprise and organizational unit levels.As websites such as Facebook, LinkedIn, MySpace, Plaxo, and Twitter become more pervasive in business, linkages between application systems and databases and social networking websites will be more important to enable constituencies to communicate both collaboratively and cooperatively. Just as email has become a primary method of communication between enterprises and their constituencies, so will social networking sites especially for advertising and ecommerce.Business intelligence information can be used to identify opportunities for competitive advantage. However, information technology itself can be an enabler of competitive advantage, especially when there are opportunities to digitize products or deliver information products electronically. In such cases, business strategy is inseparable from information technology strategy.Information technology comprises the analytical and operational application systems, databases, and technical infrastructure (hardware and networks) of an enterprise. Not all computer technologies are information based. Computer technology is used for process control applications in special purpose equipment. However, connectivity is essential as applications become more integrated. As digital construction and manufacturing practices develop through such technologies as computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), the processes, the control of processes, and the products and/or services delivered by processes all rely upon information technology for connectivity.For example, in the manufacturing industry, not only can design and manufacturing work be conducted through integrated CAD/CAM processes with electronic linkages to carriers, such as FedEx and UPS, but the entire project and process management activities can be monitored electronically from ideation to product delivery.Through technologies such as electronic data interchange and electronic funds transfer, data and both digital and information products flow through information supply and demand chains in parallel to material supply and product and/or service demand chains. Within the enterprise, data flows through information value chains from supply chains and to demand chains.Developing an information technology strategy document is essential for describing the requirements and for educating users because:

The impact is enterprise or organizational unit wide and other elements of strategy cannot be implemented without it Administrative activities, such as legal, finance, and human resources, and operational activities, such as research and development, procurement, manufacturing or equivalent, distribution, marketing, sales, and service depend on information technology – analytical and operational systems support both administrative and operational functions The time frames, expenditures, risks, and magnitude of efforts are usually larger and more complicated than other initiatives and must be clearly understood; information technology projects have a tendency to go out of control and under deliver – therefore, contingency plans are always necessary The subject matter can be complicated if not well explained Information technology strategy is usually packaged as a separate but related document to the strategic plan. It is deployed and executed through specific programs and projects that develop new or enhance or maintain existing application systems, databases, and technical infrastructure.Large information technology development projects are usually cross-functional, and may be part of a broader initiative sponsored by multiple functions collectively. Broader initiatives that have information technology components include:

Market research and development Product research and development Infrastructure research and development for processes and information delivery For example – for the development of a:

Digital manufacturing system integrating both research and development and sales and production activities (sponsors: Manufacturing and Sales functions – impact is on Research and Development, Procurement, Manufacturing, Distribution, Sales, and Service functions) Financial, managerial, and regulatory accounting and reporting system (sponsor: Finance function – impact is enterprise wide) Human resource management system (sponsor: Human Resources function – impact is enterprise wide) Sales tracking system (sponsor: Sales function – impact is on all salespeople enterprise wide) Some projects can be solely for the Information Technology function, in which case it is a customer of itself.Steering committees should be established for major programs and projects representing the various impacted functions in order to resolve cross-functional barriers. Major programs should come under the review of a planning and policy committee at the enterprise level.Information technology strategy formulation is a project in its own right at the enterprise or organizational unit level. Very large projects are grouped as a program of inter-related components under a program manager. Projects can be stand alone also. A single project can deliver one or more application systems and related databases and technical infrastructure, or multiple projects may be required depending upon complexity.For example, when launching a new product, it may be necessary to conduct marketing, product, and infrastructure development projects that include the delivery of new systems, and upgrades to existing systems. However, if an addition to the product line is launched at a later time, a new project or set of projects may be required to enhance or maintain the current systems, or even develop new ones.The work breakdown structure for downstream development, enhancement, and maintenance projects decomposes into planning, analysis, design, construction, implementation, and performance measurement phases. The performance measurement phase can be conducted in parallel with the other phases, and each must end with a performance review. A feedback loop to future planning activities must be established so that lessons learned from the past can be reflected in future initiatives.Meeting the cost and schedule requirements is always a major consideration. Hence, “meeting the date” is a frequent requirement for project success. However, after implementation, the scope of what was delivered and its quality is usually remembered more than when. In anticipation of the need to make changes after implementation, an adaption project may be necessary to tune, standardize, and integrate the deliverables.The planning phase is conducted at the enterprise, organizational unit, or program levels for one or more projects depending upon size and complexity. However, each application system and related databases and technical infrastructure is delivered through a project with distinct analysis, design, construction, and implementation phases. Each phase always begins with a detailed planning activity to ensure that resources are allocated appropriately. The work breakdown structure does not preclude the use of iterative methodologies within each phase for rapid application development and prototyping. Development, enhancement, and maintenance of websites can be very rapid, and heavily interactive with user involvement, when the appropriate tools are used.Key questions and deliverables by information technology strategy project and downstream phases include:Strategy project (enterprise and organizational unit levels):Key questions:

How does information technology enable business strategy? What are the investment priorities? Deliverables include:

Information technology architecture (applications, data and databases, and technical infrastructure) High level project phasing and plans Planning phase (enterprise, organizational unit, and program levels):Key questions:

What are the administrative functions’ systems and information needs? What are the operational functions’ systems and information needs? What are the priorities for the candidate analytical systems? What are the priorities for the candidate operational systems? Deliverables include:

Process models Function models Data models Information models Economic evaluation Scope of analysis projects and schedules Analysis phase (project level):Key questions:

How do processes, functions, and systems fit together? How do systems processes and functions relate to enterprise processes and functions? How do systems processes and functions and enterprise processes and functions fit together? Deliverables include:

Functional requirements Economic evaluation Scope of design projects and schedules Design phase (project level):Key questions (by system):

What are the system’s functional requirements? What are the system’s technical requirements? What is the total cost of ownership and benefits (tangible and intangible)? Deliverables include (by system):

Application system specifications Data and database specifications Technical infrastructure specifications Scope of construction project and schedule Total cost of ownership/benefit analysis Construction phase (project level):Key questions (by system):

Is the system being constructed according to design? If not, what change orders are required, and why? Deliverables include (by system):

Tested application system and interfaces, databases, and technical infrastructure Trained users Implementation phase (project level):Key questions (by system):

What are the costs and schedule relative to plan? What is the scope relative to plan? What is the quality relative to plan When will the benefits be realized relative to plan? What adjustments for tuning, standardization, and integration are required relative to plan? What are the current anticipated enhancement requests? What are the current anticipated maintenance requests? What are the lessons learned for the future? Deliverables include (by system):

Working application system and interfaces, databases, and technical infrastructure List of enhancement requests List of maintenance requests Performance measurement report As enterprises become more dependent upon the internet for connectivity with constituencies, it is essential to develop, enhance, and maintain the information technology strategy on an ongoing basis. The strategy must emphasize connectivity through the data arteries as digital and information products become more pervasive.Formulating information technology strategy is an enterpriship (entrepreneurship, leadership, and management) competency.

Opposite to what many webmasters would intentionally suggest; one can survive on the Web without taking support of any SEO services company. But this certainly applies to a restricted set of cases. Bloggers who just want to broadcast their thought without seeking any huge crowd to their site may not need SEO services. Website owners whose website is already known to its targeted audience many not necessarily need SEO services to popularize it further. Again, anyone who just wants to be on the Web without any intention to be popular or driving revenue can survive without SEO tonic.But these cases are really rare, especially when someone is on the Web to earn money, when someone is on a business which is really competitive and when someone needs to target potential traffic to drive maximum attention. Now the truth is almost all the websites want to be the leader in their niche today. They want to be popular, they want to be fund and get noticed. And this is exactly where and why they need SEO services from a good SEO company.Here’s a detailed look on why the services of any SEO Company is really importantMajor number of traffic is derived from search engines today. People will type keywords in the search box to find what they need. If they don’t find you in first few searches, they might never know who you are.
There are uncountable websites available today. The market is competitive and every one is here with something unique. Out of all these, search engines love to recommend searchers the best quality sites which could help them in taking decision. Now, SEOs help search engines do their job more easily by suggesting the sites they are dealing with. Hence, search engines believe them.
SEOs help you get insightful thoughts. When you see the details of the activities initiated by the incoming traffic to your site, you understand what your audience actually needs from you. Their keywords, their preference, their likeness help you improve your site the thoughtful way. You would see the next big article on your blog is actually based on a keyword searched by your audience.
Unlike other mediums of advertising which can cost you money and time, a good SEO services company needs less time and less money to show you quality results. Your time is saved and you get better benefits of an improved service.
An SEO Company can track down the intricacies of your competition more accurately. While you may guess what’s pulling up the success of your competitor, the SEOs can pinpoint their real success story. They can find out the right keywords, targeted audience, and nature of practices which your competitors are using to be on the top. Based on the findings, they can get a fair picture of the market, competition and your future game plan.That’s okay, but aren’t there any challenges?There are. In fact, there are many. With the considerable popularity of SEOs, the industry is becoming hugely successful. But then certain crucial factors play a pivotal role in determining its success all the time. Getting the help of any SEO firm is futile if the services they provide do not fetch you results. This is the main point where the game changes. There must be many cases where business owners fail to realize the full powers of SEO. They take their site through to the SEO services company hoping some good news is on the stock soon. But when their IT spends return with zero benefits, they start believing SEO is of no help. This arises out of many reasons, some of which many includeThe SEO Company is not experienced enough to understand your business
The SEO Services Company failed to track down the right set of keywords which matters you most
The company is using unethical practices to rank the website
The traffic is coming but it’s not making the way for generating revenue.
The client has not asked for the full advantage of SEO Services. This includes getting half of the services when only a full-fledged SEO package could be beneficial for him.There are also a lot of other factors that collectively result in the failure of service. If a client is aware of the loopholes and smart enough to understand in advance what he really needs to pay, he would surely realize a higher ROI. To conclude, if you want to be found on the Web, you need SEO service. And if these services come from a quality SEO services company, you are sure to scale new heights of success. That’s it.

Today car owners in Russia are facing an unusual and ridiculous problem, massively. It often occurs that owners cannot obtain an insurance coverage for their cars because of the shortage of blank contract forms, as insurance companies’ managers are telling them. Such cases were completely unknown just three years ago. Russian lawyers community is investigating this problematic situation which affects the growth of Russian vehicle insurance segment.Such shortages of blank forms are usually occurring in case one is trying to get a minimum compulsory third-party liability insurance (or OSAGO) contract. So what could cause the so-called ‘shortage’ of blank forms for this type of insurance contract? It appears that it is not the fault of insurance companies’ printers; the reason is the greed of insurance companies which have developed a peculiar ‘marketing scheme’. They are taking advantage of the problems of car owners who are obliged to obtain this insurance according to the law.So, the shortage of blank forms of OSAGO insurance contracts is being created in purpose. Insurance companies are taking this step in order to boost sales of other their products and services. Particularly, when a customer comes to an insurance company wishing to get an OSAGO contract, he or she is then proposed to sign a life, health or property insurance contract as well. And in case the customer refuses from this additional service, company’s managers say that there are no blank forms for OSAGO contracts. The customer cannot verify this statement of course and has either to agree getting this extra insurance service or just leave.Basically, in such a situation car owners can complain to the Federal Anti-Monopoly Service of Russia, the Central Bank of Russia or to the Russian Association of Motor Insurers. But practice shows that such complaints do not help much: the only result you can get is a formal report from a controller about an inspection that was made in the company and about the lack of law breaches in this company’s actions. Consequently people are turning to insurance lawyers in Russia more and more often.Still, there is an option. In fact, the service of vehicle insurance (including OSAGO contracts) is a public agreement according to the Article #426 of the Civil Code of Russian Federation and therefore an insurance company does not have a right to refuse this service to a customer. It does not have a right to force a person to acquire extra services prior to getting an OSAGO contract as well.In case you have faced such an illegal refusal from corporate insurance manager, you need to write down a formal request to sign an OSAGO contract on paper. You should attach copies of all necessary documents to it, provide your phone number and register it in the insurance company’s branch office (making sure it is sealed). Most probably, in such a case tomorrow they will call you and propose to come again to their office to sign the insurance contract without persuading you to accept any extra conditions.Now let us investigate the situation with Russian insurance companies refusing to sign third party liability (usually shortened as KASKO) contracts.Russian insurance companies are having certain problems in this sphere themselves. Central offices are cancelling KASKO services in regional branch offices because of drastic growth of customer fraud which economic security services of branch offices are failing to mitigate.The reason is that the number of insurance fraud ‘business’ schemes which include acquiring an insurance contract for an expensive car and then doing purposeful damage to it (such as cutting the upholstery, making scratches or fissures on the glass) has grown several times during the last two years. Thus, a car owner can receive the compensation from the insurer which is calculated based upon official car dealers’ prices for repair parts. At the same time, the damaged car would be actually repaired at a usual low-cost repair shop.Flaws in Russian insurance legislation result in such fraud schemes being very profitable for those who choose this kind of ‘business’. According to information received by Russian lawyers during their professional activities, such schemes are now increasingly used by people who were not involved in fraud schemes earlier.Economic security departments of insurance companies cannot effectively counter such fraud attempts because they do not have any legal means to perform deep investigations. All they can do is to recommend refusing such claims. But sometimes it makes the situation even worse for an insurer when a car owner whose claim was refused wins this case in a court and receives a sum even bigger than was claimed initially.The emerging wave of such fabricated insurance claims in Russia has urged many insurance companies to stop providing the service of KASKO insurance and even to quit the Russian insurance market at all. The major part of Russian-based insurance companies used to have the vehicle insurance services as their primary source of income and did not completely realize how many risks are there in this niche; so now these businesses are having a hard time.So here is an advice for car owners willing to get a vehicle insurance contract in Russia from Russian insurance lawyers. It is better to be very careful when choosing an insurance provider: in case of this company’s bankruptcy you would not be able to claim your payment via the Russian Association of Motor Insurers as this organization can only help to compensate losses by OSAGO contracts. Therefore, you would have register as a creditor in the formal bankruptcy procedure, and the more creditors there would be, the smaller chances of getting some compensation you would have.

Italy is definitely one of the most favourite and popular tourist destinations in Europe. As a matter of fact, if you were given a chance to travel several cities or countries in Europe and you missed to include Italy in your itinerary then your vacation would certainly be incomplete. This rather small country boasts of several scenic attractions, delicious cuisine and their rich culture and tradition. In visiting this country, you will also be able to experience the warmth, hospitality and friendliness of the Italians.There are quite a number of larger cities in Italy that most people want to visit. These include Florence, Venice, Milan and of course Rome. But if you are a low-profile traveller and you would want to experience Italy in a more solitude manner, then Trieste is the perfect city to visit. It is situated in the North eastern part of Italy and has been one of the most important ports in the country then until now. Its location also explains its Germanic, Latin and Slovenic mix of culture and influence. This place is certainly ideal for travellers who love to visit historical and medieval tourist attractions.Here are the top five tourist spots in the city.1. The Victoria Lighthouse, which was designed in honour of those who died during World War I. It has a gigantic statue on top of the lighthouse and was designed by Giovanni Mayer and Arduino Berlam.2. The San Guisto. Cathedral. This palatial structure dates back from the 6th century and houses some of Veneto’s masterpieces as well as an exceptional collection of artillery.3. The Grotta Gigante, the world’s largest cave which is open for visitors or tourists since 1908. It is 107 meters in height and approximately 280 meters long. The Museum of Speleology can also be found near this cave.4. The Miramare Castle which was designed by Carl Junker in accordance to Archduke Maximilian’s instructions. It has 2 ponds, several magnificent gardens and Maximilian’s bronze statue can also be seen at the Castelletto or the Castle annex.5. The Piazza dell’Unità d’Italia located along the Old Harbour in the ancient part of Trieste. This age-old structure bore witness to some of the cities major social, political and historical events. During the busy day, the piazza is full of families taking pictures, professionals and of course vacationers. But, the most perfect time to visit would be during night time, when the Piazza dell’Unità d’Italia’s in its splendour.The Museo Civico Revoltella, Arco di Ricardo, Canal Grande, Castle Museum and Castle Hill are also places of interest in Trieste.Tourist accommodation in and around Trieste ranges from 4 and 5 star hotels to cozy family owned and run Bed and Breakfast establishments.Which ever type you choose, prices can vary widely between different suppliers, so it is advisable to use a hotel comparison site such as RoomRateCompare.comThis ingenious, simple to use website quickly searches up to 32 different websites for 49 Hotels in Trieste at once, to guarantee you the lowest prices for your stay.

A payday loan can be a real life-saver when your monthly budget is hit by an uninformed roof leak or a medical emergency. There’s ready cash available to tide you over the immediate financial crisis. It is a high interest loan, but well, so long as things are taken care of till your next pay check arrives!The deadline for repayment is generally when your next salary is due. If you are unable to pay it, it is carried forward.The problem with payday loans is that it can be a vicious cycle. Before you realize you have signed up for multiple loans, making it very difficult for you to keep up with timely payments and fees. The ease with which you can obtain one is partly to blame.How do you pay off these loans? Payday loan consolidation is the solution for individuals who have accumulated huge debts. However, you need to first understand how it works.The counselor will first evaluate your financial situation. This includes validating loans and ensuring which ones are still active. The company pays off your outstanding debts; so all your loans are rolled into one against new terms. You are then only liable to one credit agency.A high interest rate is a distinctive feature of this type of loan. A company that works towards consolidation will first look for ways to reduce the rate of interest against which the amount that was loaned to you; thus, your loan is easier to pay back. It can also help you forgo additional charges and fees. To add, they give you sufficient time to payback your loan. So, at a lower rate and more time to pay up, your monthly installments are going to be smaller.In payday loan consolidation too, you have two options: · Secured loan consolidation includes securing loans against some value property such as your house or car etc. The rate of interest is low; however, in event of failure to repay, you will lose the property held as a collateral security.· Unsecured loan consolidation which is offered without requiring a collateral security. The rate of interest is slightly higher than the first option but lower than that charged by payday loan lenders. It is a great option for one with a good credit score.You can consolidate the loans yourself or get payday loan debt help from companies that offer such services. If you choose the latter, they will handle everything for you right from handling communication with your lenders to paying off your loans.The bottom line is a payday loan consolidation company does not write off your debts. They work with you and your lender to create a payment plan that is affordable.Now if you want to get the best settlement soon, you need to choose your payday loan consolidation company with care. You need to make sure the company is registered. This step helps ensure the financial institution is authentic. Be clear about the fees you pay towards the settlement. Payday loan consolidation should be based on your financial situation. The company should not work with a one-size fits all approach. If they force you to accept the terms and conditions in place, avoid the company and look for another. If the company is trying to sell you stuff other than payday loan consolidation services, it is a red flag.So, if you’ve mounted debts and are unable to repay the loans, don’t get bogged down by the phone calls and repayment agents. Schedule a free counseling session with a payday loan consolidation company and end your stress.

Quality gardening equipment is exactly what any dedicated gardener could use. However, it is not always possible to rush right out and spend hundreds, sometimes even thousands, of dollars on the latest and greatest gardening equipment. That is where improvisation comes in. A good gardener definitely knows how to improvise. The following paragraphs will discuss gardening equipment in general, as well as touch on the basic gardening equipment a good gardener will need.As a gardener, there are some basic pieces of gardening equipment you will likely need at one time or another. This equipment includes, a hoe, a shovel, a rake, and maybe even a small hand shovel. It is not enough just to have these you must make sure they are good quality.
If you have these basic pieces of equipment, you are good to go. However, if you have bushes, hedges, or vine style ground cover, a good pair of pruning scissors could prove extremely helpful. While only the basic gardening equipment is necessary, some garden equipment can make the hard work of gardening much easier. If you have been gardening for years, chances are you have accumulated so much garden equipment that your shed is overflowing with it.In addition to theses basic pieces of gardening equipment it is is also useful to have a leaf blower, a spade and an electric trimmer is also a useful piece of gardening equipment. As mentioned before, as gardeners, we know how to improvise. It becomes necessary to improvise if you do not have the basic gardening equipment you need, or if you are unable to locate your basic gardening tools you already own. For example, one day I could not find my good pruning scissors, no matter how hard I tried to find them. Ultimately, I grabbed a kitchen knife, and used it to serve the same purpose as my good pruning shears. This is a very common practice among gardeners who can’t find the gardening tool they need at the moment. Improvising can also be common among gardeners who cannot afford to rush out and purchase the latest gardening equipment on a whim.Improvising, as opposed to using the proper gardening equipment, may seem like a sloppy way to get things accomplished. However, this is simply not true. Every dedicating gardener knows when you are in the middle of a task, you do not want to drop everything to search for a certain gardening tool. It is distracting, so as opposed to interrupting their work, gardeners tend to improvise.With that said, it is true that some gardening jobs are done much better if the proper gardening equipment is used. In these cases it is best not to improvise, but to take time out to find the best tool for the job. The end results will be well worth the time you took out to find what you were looking for.They main thing to remember about garden equipment is we may want it, but we don’t always need it. As gardeners, if we have the basic gardening tools, we should be able to make do just fine. Even though we may be tempted to rush out and purchase the newest and greatest revolutions to the gardening world, however, it is not necessary to make these purchases in order to make your garden look great. In most cases, improvisation does work.